El proceso de formación del estado sudanés: : raíces históricas y características

María Ángeles Alaminos Hervás

doi:10.35305/cl.vi22.121

Autori

María Ángeles Alaminos Hervás Universidad Loyola Andalucía, España

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35305/cl.vi22.121

Parole chiave:

Sudán, Formación del estado, Esclavitud, Colonialismo, Desigualdad, Conflicto

Abstract

En el presente artículo desarrollamos los antecedentes históricos más relevantes para comprender el proceso de formación del Estado sudanés y sus características. El artículo se centra en los conceptos de formación de la nación y del Estado durante el periodo histórico del colonialismo, estudiando en primer lugar los años de ocupación del Gobierno turco-egipcio o Turkiyya; en segundo lugar, los años correspondientes a la Mahdiyya, que pueden ser considerados como años de ‘colonialismo interno’; en tercer y último lugar, abordamos el dominio británico del Condominio anglo-egipcio. El artículo se centra, por tanto, en la comprensión de la historia sudanesa contemporánea de los siglos XIX y XX, cuyo legado, fundamentalmente en términos de esclavitud y colonialismo, resulta fundamental para aprehender el proceso de formación del Estado en Sudán y para comprender los fenómenos acaecidos tras la independencia del país.

Downloads

I dati di download non sono ancora disponibili.

Metriche

Caricamento metriche ...

Riferimenti bibliografici

Abbas, Mekki (1952) The Sudan Question: The Dispute over the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, 1884-1951. Londres: Faber and Faber Limited.

al-Mahdī, Muḥammad A. (1969) Manshūrāt al-Mahdiyya. Khartoum: Dār al-Wathāʾiq.

Badie, Bertrand (1992) L'Etat importé: essai sur l'occidentalisation de l'ordre politique. Paris: Fayard.

Barthorp, Michael (1984) War on the Nile: Britain, Egypt and the Sudan 1882-1898. Poole: Blandford Press.

Bayart, Jean-François (1989) L'état en Afrique: la politique du ventre. Paris: Fayard.

Beswick, Stephanie (2004) Sudan's Blood Memory: The Legacy of War, Ethnicity, and Slavery in Early South Sudan. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

Breidlid, Anders; Said, Avelino y Breidlid, Astrid K. (eds.) (2010) A Concise History of South Sudan. Kampala: Fountain Publishers.

Churchill, Winston S. (1899) The River War: An Historical Account of the Reconquest of the Soudan. Londres: Longmans - Green and Co.

Clapham, Christopher (1996) Africa and the International System: The Politics of State Survival. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511549823

Clapham, Christopher (2003) "Guerre et construction de l'État dans la Corne de l'Afrique", en: Hassner, P. y Marchal, R. (eds.) Guerres et sociétés: états et violence après la Guerre Froide. Paris: Karthala, pp. 463-488. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/kart.hassne.2003.01.0463

Collins, Robert O. (1984) "Introduction", en: Collins, R. O. y Deng, F. M. (eds.), The British in the Sudan, 1898-1956: The Sweetness and the Sorrow. Londres: Macmillan, pp. 1-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-06960-6_1

Collins, Robert O. (2008) A History of Modern Sudan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Daly, Martin W. (1991) Imperial Sudan: The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, 1934-1956. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Dannreuther, Roland (2007) International Security: The Contemporary Agenda. Cambridge: Polity.

De Gayffier-Bonneville, Anne-Claire (2015) "L'unité de la vallée du Nil: les Égyptiens et le Soudan 1898-1956", Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 49 (1): 109-125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2015.1026369

De Waal, Alex (2007) "Sudan: The Turbulent State", en: De Waal, A. (ed.), War in Darfur and the Search for Peace. Londres: Justice Africa - Harvard University -Global Equity Initiative, pp. 1-38.

Deng, Francis M. y Daly, Martin W. (1989) Bonds of Silk: The Human Factor in the British Administration of the Sudan. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.

Elnur, Ibrahim (2009) Contested Sudan: The Political Economy of War and Reconstruction. Londres: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203887981

Fierke, Karin M. (2007) Critical Approaches to International Security. Cambridge: Polity.

Grandin, Nicole (1978) "Après le Mahdi: La politique coloniale chez les pasteurs arabes soudanais", Cahiers d'Études Africaines 18 (69-70) : 123-158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/cea.1978.2400

Grandin, Nicole (1982) Le Soudan nilotique et l'administration britannique (1898-1956): Éléments d'interprétation socio-historique d'une expérience coloniale. Leiden : Brill. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004492882

Grandin, Nicole (1984) "Le Shaykh Muhammad 'Uthmân Al-Mîrghanî (1793-1853): Une double lecture de ses hagiographies", Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions 58 (1) : 139-155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/assr.1984.2330

Hill, Richard (1959) Egypt in the Sudan, 1820-1881. Londres: Oxford University Press.

Holt, Peter M. (1970) The Mahdist State in the Sudan 1881-1898. A Study of Its Origines, Development and Overthrow. Oxford: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press.

Idris, Amir (2004) "The Racialised and Islamicised Sudanese State and the Question of Southern Sudan", en: Jalata, A. (ed.) State Crises, Globalisation, and National Movements in North-East Africa. Londres: Routledge, pp. 30-44.

Idris, Amir (2005) Conflict and Politics of Identity in Sudan. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403981073

Idris, Amir (2012) "Rethinking Identity, Citizenship, and Violence in Sudan", International Journal of Middle East Studies 44 (2): 324-326. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743812000086

Idris, Amir (2013) Identity, Citizenship, and Violence in Two Sudans. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137371799

Jalata, Asafa (2004) "The Process of State Formation in the Horn of Africa", en Jalata, A. (ed.) State Crises, Globalisation, and National Movements in North-East Africa. Londres: Routledge, pp. 1-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203006269

Johnson, Douglas H. (2003) The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Jok, Jok M. (2001) War and Slavery in Sudan. Filadelfia: University of Pennsylvania Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812200584

Khalid, Mansour (2003) War and Peace in Sudan: A Tale of Two Countries. Londres: Kegan Paul International.

Marchal, Roland (1996) "Soudan: Vers une recomposition du champ politique", Revue du monde musulman et de la Méditerranée (81-82) : 93-117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/remmm.1996.1758

O'Fahey, Rex S. y Spaulding, Jay L. (1974) Kingdoms of the Sudan. Londres: Methuen.

Searcy, Kim (2011) The Formation of the Sudanese Mahdist State: Ceremony and Symbols of Authority: 1882-1898. Leiden: Brill. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004185999.i-166

Sharkey, Heather J. (2003) Living with Colonialism: Nationalism and Culture in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Berkeley: University of California Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520235588.001.0001

Sidahmed, Abdel S. y Sidahmed, Alsir (2004) Sudan: The Contemporary Middle East. Londres: Routledge Curzon. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203501511

Sikainga, Ahmad A. (1996) Slaves into Workers: Emancipation and Labor in Colonial Sudan. Austin: University of Texas Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7560/776944

Sladen, Douglas (1908) Egypt and the English (Showing British public opinion in Egypt upon the Egyptian Question: With chapters on the success of the Sudan and the deligths of travel in Egypt and the Sudan). Londres: Hurst and Blackett.

Tilly, Charles (1990) Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990-1990. Cambridge: Basil Blackwell.

Tilly, Charles (ed.) (1975) The Formation of National States in Western Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Troutt Powell, Eve M. (2003) A Different Shade of Colonialism: Egypt, Great Britain, and the Mastery of the Sudan. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Warburg, Gabriel R. (1971) The Sudan under Wingate: Administration in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1899-1916). Londres: Frank Cass.

Warburg, Gabriel R. (2009) "From Sufism to Fundamentalism: The Mahdiyya and the Wahhabiyya", Middle Eastern Studies 45 (4): 661-672. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00263200903009775

White, Arthur S. (1899) The Expansion of Egypt under Anglo-Egyptian Condominium. Londres: Methuen & Co.

Wilkinson-Latham, Robert y Roffe, Michael (1976) The Sudan Campaigns 1881-1898. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.

Woodward, Peter (1990) Sudan, 1898-1989: The Unstable State. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.