Climate resilience in the desert areas of Egypt

Judith Bunbury; Piers Litherland; Jenny Litherland; Kelly Accetta Crowe; Bryony Smerdon; Alexis Pantos; Graham Smith

doi:10.35305/cl.vi22.135

Autores/as

Judith Bunbury University of Cambridge, Inglaterra
Piers Litherland University of Cambridge, Inglaterra
Jenny Litherland University of Cambridge, Inglaterra
Kelly Accetta Crowe University of Cambridge, Inglaterra
Bryony Smerdon University of Cambridge, Inglaterra
Alexis Pantos University of Cambridge, Inglaterra
Graham Smith University of Cambridge, Inglaterra

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35305/cl.vi22.135

Palabras clave:

Egipto, desierto, adaptación, cambio climático, precipitaciones

Resumen

Hoy en día, la región del Sahara es conocida como un entorno hiperárido con una mínima actividad humana por fuera de los pocos oasis. Sin embargo, la evidencia arqueológica sugiere que, en el pasado, el paisaje era más accesible y que los asentamientos surgieron alrededor de manantiales y pozos que estaban conectados por rutas muy transitadas. Nuestros estudios sugieren que la actividad se concentró en períodos históricos en los que había agua dulce disponible particularmente en la Dinastía XVIII durante el Reino Nuevo y en el período greco-romano. La comparación con los registros de indicadores de temperatura global en el “Greenland Ice Sheet Project” (Proyecto Inlandsis) muestra que estos períodos de actividad también fueron épocas de altas temperaturas globales, lo que lleva a la conclusión de que los períodos de calentamiento global producen un aumento de las precipitaciones en la región del Sahara que sustentan los ecosistemas y la actividad en el desierto.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Métricas

Cargando métricas ...

Citas

Alley, Richard B. (2014) The two-mile time machine. Ice cores, abrupt climate change, and our future. Princeton: Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400852246

Alley, R.B., Gow, A.J., Johnsen, S.J., Kipfstuhl, J., Meese, D.A. and Thorsteinsson, Th. (1995) “Comparison of deep ice cores”, Nature 373: 393-394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/373393b0

Antoine, Jean-Christophe (2017) “Modelling the Nile agricultural floodplain in Eleventh and Tenth Century B.C. Middle Egypt: A study of the P. Wilbour and other land registers”, in: Willems, H. and Dahms, J.-M. (eds.), The Nile: Natural and cultural Landscape in Egypt. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839436158-001

Mainzer historische Kulturwissenschaften 36. Bielefield: Transcript, pp. 15-51.

Barich, Barbara E., Lucarini, Giulio, Hamdan, Mohamed A. and Hassan, Fekri A. (eds.) (2014) From lake to sand. The archaeology of Farafra Oasis (Egypt). Florence: All’Insegna del Giglio.

Breasted, James (1934) The excavation at Medinet Habu. Volume 1 General plans and views. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Brook, George, Embabi, Nabil S., Ashour, Mahmoud M., Edwards, R. Lawrence, Cheng, Hai, Cowart, James B. and Dabous, Adel A. (2002) “Djara cave in the Western Desert of Egypt: Morphology and evidence of Quaternary climatic change”, Cave and Karst Science 29: 57-66.

Brook, George, Embabi, Nabil S., Ashour, Mahmoud M., Edwards, R. Lawrence, Cheng, Hai, Cowart, James B. and Dabous, Adel A. (2003) “Quaternary environmental change in the Western Desert of Egypt: Evidence from cave speleothems, spring tufas and playa sediments”, Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie N.F. Supplementband 131: 59-87.

Bunbury, Judith M. (in press a) “New Kingdom environment and habitat in the Theban Mountain and Valley of the Kings”, in: Eschenbrenner-Diemer, Gersande (ed.), Proceedings of Netwood.

Bunbury, Judith M. (in press b) “Evidence from the Theban Area (Luxor) for two Climate Optima, experienced in Egypt during the latter part of the first millennium BC and the early part of the first millennium AD”, in: Huebner, S. (ed.), The Roman Climate Optimum.

Bunbury, Judith M. and Rowe, Reim (2021) The Nile: Mobility and Management. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108919913

Bunbury, Judith M, Ikram, Salima and Roughley, Corinne (2020) “Holocene large lake development and desiccation: Changing habitats in the Kharga Basin of the Egyptian Sahara”, Geoarchaeology 35 (4): 467-486.Butzer, Karl W. (1976) Early hydraulic civilization in Egypt: A study in cultural ecology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21779

Burchfield, Richard L. (2014) Networks of the Theban Desert. Social, economic, and religious interactions in late Byzantine and early Islamic Thebes. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Macquarie University.

Chaveau, Michel (2018) “The Demotic ostraca of Dabasheya in North Kharga Oasis Survey”, in: Rossi, Corrine and Ikram, Salima (eds.), North Kharga Oasis survey: Exploration in Egypt’s Western Desert. British Museum Publications on Egypt and Sudan 5. Leuven: Peeters, pp. 412-421.

Claussen, Martin, Dallmeyer, Anne and Bader, Jürgen (2017) “Theory and modeling of the African humid period and the Green Sahara”, in: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.532. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.532

Creasman, Pearce Paul (2020) “A compendium of recent evidence from Egypt and Sudan for climate change during the Pharaonic Period”, in: Schneider, T. and Johnson, C. (eds.), The gift of the Nile? Ancient Egypt and the environment. Conference held at the University of British Columbia. Tuscon: The Egyptian Expedition, pp. 15-48.

Dufton, David and Branton, Tom (2009) “Climate change in early Egypt”, Egyptian Archaeology 36: 2-3.

El-Sanussi, Ashraf and Jones, Michael (1997). “A site of the Maadi culture near the Giza pyramids”, Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 53: 241-253.

Garcea, Elena A.A. (2006) “Semi-permanent foragers in semi-arid environments of North Africa”, World Archaeology 38 (2): 197-219 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00438240600693968

Hedstrom, Darlene (2017) The monastic landscape of Late Antique Egypt: An archaeological reconstruction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hendrickx, Stan, Förster, Frank and Eyckerman, Merel (2013) “The Pharaonic pottery of the Abu Ballas trail: ‘Filling stations’ along a desert highway in southwestern Egypt”, Desert Road Archaeology 12: 339-379.

Hobbs, Joseph J. (1990) Bedouin life in the Egyptian wilderness. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Hope, Colin A. and Bowen Gillian E. (2022) Kelllis: A Roman-Period village in Egypt’s Dakhleh Oasis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9780511844362

Köppen, Wladimir P. and Geiger, Rudolph (1936) Handbuch der Klimatologie I. Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger.

Kröpelin, S., Verschuren, D., Lézine, A.-M., Eggermont, H. , Cocquyt, C., Francus, P., Cazet, J-P., Fagot, M., Rumes, B., Russell, J.M., Darius, F., Conley, D.J., Schuster, M., von Suchodoletz, H. and Engstrom, D.R. (2008) “Climate-driven ecosystem succession in the Sahara: The past 6000 years”, Science 320 (5877), 765-768. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1154913

Kuper, Rudolph and Kröpelin, Stefan (2006) “Climate-controlled Holocene occupation in the Sahara: Motor of Africa’s evolution”, Science 313 (5788): 803-807. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1130989

Lecuyot, Guy (2009) “Coptic occupation of the Theban Mountain”, Egyptian Archaeology 35: 18-20.

Litherland, Piers (2015) The Western Wadis of the Theban Necropolis. London: New Kingdom Research Foundation.

Litherland, Piers (2018) The shaft tombs of Wadi Bairiya: Preliminary report on the clearance work on the WB1 site by the joint-venture mission of the New Kingdom Research Foundation with the Ministry of Antiquities. London: New Kingdom Research Foundation.

Macklin, Mark G., Toonen, Willem H.J., Woodward, Jamie C., Williams, Martin A.J., Flaux, Clément, Marriner, Nick, Nicoll, Kathleen, Verstraeten, Gert, Spencer, Neal and Welsby. Derek (2015) “A new model of river dynamics, hydroclimatic change and human settlement in the Nile Valley derived from meta-analysis of the Holocene fluvial archive”, Science 130 (15): 109-123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.09.024

Mahmoud, Tamer (2010) Desert plants of Egypt’s Wadi El Gemal National Park. Cairo: American University in Cairo.

Murakami, Masahiro (1995) Managing water for peace in the Middle East: Alternative strategies. Tokyo: United Nations University Press.

Murray, George W. (1935) Sons of Ishmael. A study of the Egyptian Bedouin. London/New York: Routledge.

Murray, George, W. (1965) “Harkhuf’s third journey (from his tomb wall at Aswan)”, The Geographical Journal 131 (1): 72-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1793702

NGRIP members (2004) “High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period”, Nature 431: 147-151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02805

Parsons, Peter J. (2007) The city of the sharp-nosed fish: Greek lives in Roman Egypt. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

Pawlikowska-Gwiazda, Aleksandra (2023) Material culture of monks in Western Thebes from the 4th until the 10th century AD. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Warsaw.

Reader, Colin D. (2023) A gift of geology: Ancient Egyptian landscapes and monuments. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2k88sv9

Rossi, Corinna and Ikram, Salima (2018) North Kharga Oasis survey: Exploration in Egypt’s Western Desert. British Museum Publications on Egypt and Sudan 5. Leuven: Peeters. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1q26xzk

Said, Rushdi (1993) The river Nile: Geology, hydrology, and utilization. Pergamon Press: Oxford.

Sampsell, Bonnie M. (2014, revised edition) The geology of Egypt: A traveller’s handbook. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press.

Schram, Valérie (2021) “Les bois de construction navale d’après les sources papyrologiques grecques (IIIe s. av. J.-C – VIIIe apr. J.-C.)“, in: Auber de Lapierre, Julien, Eschenbrenner Diemer, Gersande and Schram, Valérie (eds.), NetWood. Wood Networks in Egypt from Antiquity to Islamic Times. Conference Booklet: 8.

Stanley, Jean-Daniel, Krom, Michael D., Cliff, Robert A. and Woodward, Jamie C. (2003) “Nile flow failure at the end of the Old Kingdom, Egypt: Strontium isotopic and petrologic evidence”, Geoarchaeology 18 (3): 395-402. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.10065

Thompson, Lonnie G., Mosley-Thompson, Ellen, Davis, Mary E, Henderson, Keith A, Brecher, Henry H., Zagorodnow, Victor S., Mashiotta, Tracy A., Lin, Ping-Nan, Mikhalenko, Vladimir N., Hardy, Douglas R. and Beer, Jürg (2002) “Kilimanjaro ice core records: Evidence of Holocene climate change in Tropical Africa”, Science 298 (5593): 589-593. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1073198

Tierney, Jessica E., Pausata, Francesco S.R., deMenocal, Peter B. (2017) “Rainfall regimes of the Green Sahara”, Science Advances 3 (1): 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601503

Wilkinson, Alix (1998) The garden in ancient Egypt. London: Rubicon Press.

Woodward, Jamie C., Macklin, Mark G., Krom, Michael D. and Williams, Martin A.J. (2007) “The Nile: Evolution, quaternary river environments and material fluxes in large rivers”, in: Gupta, A. (ed.), Large rivers: Geomorphology and management. Chichester: Wiley Press, pp. 261-292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470723722.ch13