Circuitos económicos informales

Juan Carlos Moreno García

doi:10.35305/cl.vi19.47

Autores/as

Juan Carlos Moreno García Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Francia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35305/cl.vi19.47

Palabras clave:

artesanía, economía, mercaderes, nómades, comercio

Resumen

Aunque es habitual considerar la economía faraónica como rígidamente centralizada y controlada por el estado, en realidad los circuitos económicos dominados por la monarquía y las grandes instituciones coexistían con otros, informales. Descubrimientos arqueológicos recientes demuestran el volumen y el alcance de intercambios protagonizados por poblaciones costeras, pastores, pescadores, mercaderes itinerantes, etc., al margen de cualquier intervención del estado. De hecho, parece plausible que en ocasiones la política expansiva de algunos estados del Próximo Oriente (incluido Egipto) perseguía capturar estas lucrativas redes comerciales que escapaban a su control y así gravarlas y extraer un beneficio económico. En otros casos, sabemos de la existencia de producciones artesanales de calidad cuya producción no obedecía a la demanda de la monarquía o de grandes instituciones, sino a una demanda urbana y rural que alimentaba circuitos de producción complejos capaces de integrar, según las necesidades, talleres y unidades domésticas. Por último, también parece que los mercaderes constituyeron un sector importante de la vida productiva y urbana del Egipto faraónico, si bien las fuentes relativas a sus negocios, sobre todo privados, son sorprendentemente escasas.

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