Territorios y subjetividades en movimiento: : migraciones, masculinidades y militarización en África

Adriana Franco Silva

doi:10.35305/cl.vi21.111

Authors

Adriana Franco Silva Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - México

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35305/cl.vi21.111

Keywords:

Masculinities, Migration, Militarization, Subjetivities, Africa

Abstract

Since the establishment of coloniality, territories and subjectivities have been thought of as closed categories that guarantee the control of the subjects that benefit from capitalist hegemony. The hierarchy of bodies, territories, feelings, and thoughts have produced axes of domination anchored to the sense of the world of colonial capitalist modernity. Under that organization, the State has been one of the institutions that reproduce the edges of oppression to maintain the reified structure. In this system, migrant populations have been represented as an otherness that threatens the security and well-being of the State. Faced with this exclusion, migrants have reconfigured territories and subjectivities to survive abjection. Men have recreated their masculinities to confront structural inequalities and violence in the neoliberal context. For this reason, this article will identify how hegemonizing masculinity has been related to different subjectivities. It will also analyze how masculinities are rearticulated in the context of the crisis of civilization. Since masculinities are changing, the cases of the Sahara and the Sahel, and South Africa will be particularly recovered in this text.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Agnew, John y Oslender, Ulrich (2010) “Territorialidades superpuestas, soberanía en disputa: lecciones empíricas desde América Latina”, Tabula Rasa 13: 191-213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25058/20112742.409

Ajala, Olayinka (2018) “US Drone Base in Agadez. A Security Threat to Niger”, The Rusi Journal 163(5): 20-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2018.1552452

Ammann, Carole y Staudacher, Sandra (2021) “Masculinities in Africa beyond crisis: complexity, fluidity, and intersectionality”, Gender, Place & Culture 28(6): 759-768. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2020.1846019

Baldwin-Edwards, Martin y Lutterbeck, Derek (2019) “Coping with the Libyan migration crisis”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 45(12): 2241-2257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2018.1468391

Banco Mundial. Crecimiento del PIB (% anual) - South Africa, Disponible en: https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=ZA

Bangura, Joseph J. (2019) “Cloud on the Horizon: African Migration, Transnationalism, and Social Osmosis”, Insight Turkey 21(1): 95-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2019211.07

Bøås, Morten (2021) “EU migration management in the Sahel: unintended consequences on the ground in Niger?”, Third World Quarterly 42(1): 52-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2020.1784002

Boesen, Elisabeth; Marfaing, Laurence y de Bruijn, Marjam (2014) “Nomadism and mobility in the Sahara-Sahel: introduction”, Canadian Journal of African Studies 48(1): 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2014.935101

Bolt, Maxim (2010) “Camaraderie and its Discontents: Class Consciousness, Ethnicity and Divergent Masculinities among Zimbabwean Migrant Farmworkers in South Africa”, Journal of Southern African Studies 36(2): 277-393. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2010.485790

Braidotti, Rosi (1994) Nomadic subjects: embodiment and sexual difference in contemporary feminist theory. Nueva York: Columbia University Press.

Ceceña, Ana Esther (2018) “Territorialidad del poder”, Inclusiones 5: 178-193.

Chiodi, Agostina (2019) Varones y masculinidad(es). Herramientas pedagógicas para facilitar talleres con adolescentes y jóvenes. Ciudad autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Comaroff, Jean and John (2010) “Africa Observed. Discourses of the Imperial Imagination”, en Gringer, Richard, et al. (eds.) Perspectives on Africa. A Reader in Culture, History and Representation. Nueva Jersey: Wiley- Blackwell, pp. 32-43.

Comunidad de Desarrollo de África Austral (2021) “Migration Data in the Southern African Development Community", Migration Data Portal. Disponible en: https://www.migrationdataportal.org/regional-data-overview/southern-africa

Conradson, David y McKay, Deirdre (2007) “Translocal subjectivities: Mobility, Connection, Emotion”, Mobilities 2(2): 167-174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17450100701381524

Cooper, F. (1994) “Conict and Connection: Rethinking Colonial African History”, The American Historical Review 99(5): 1516{1545. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2168387

Escobar, Arturo (2014) Sentipensar con la tierra: nuevas lecturas sobre desarrollo, territorio y diferencia. Medellín: Ediciones UNAULA.

Fanon, Frantz (2009) Piel negra, máscaras blancas. Akal: Madrid.

Federici, Silvia (2018) El patriarcado del salario. Críticas feministas al marxismo. Madrid: Traficantes de sueños.

Frowd, Philippe M. (2020). “Producing the ‘transit’ migration state: international security intervention in Niger”, Third World Quarterly 41(2): 340-358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2019.1660633

Gandarilla Salgado, José Guadalupe (2012) “Globalización: Complejos militares, empresariales y Estado nación”, Conceptos y fenómenos fundamentales de nuestro tiempo, IIS-UNAM. Disponible en: https://conceptos.sociales.unam.mx/conceptos_final/614trabajo.pdf

Lafontaine Carboni, Julien (2021) “Inmóviles, pero no quietos. La sedentarización de los saharauis como estrategia de adaptación y respuesta a la supervivencia. Sobre la posibilidad de un nomadismo inmóvil”, Tabula Rasa 37: 17-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25058/20112742.n37.02

Langan, Mark (2018) Neo-Colonialism and the Poverty of ‘Development’ in Africa. Londres: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58571-0

Léonard, Sarah y Kaunert, Christian (2020) “The securitisation of migration in the European Union: Frontex and its evolving security practices”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies: 48 (6): 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1851469 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1851469

Mangezvo, Pedzisayi Leslie (2016) “‘Sheperding a leopard’: Football, masculinities and the spatial politics of xenophobia among Zimbabwean male migrants in Stellenbosch”, Agenda Empowering women for gender equity 30(2): 86-107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2016.1212597

Mfecane, Sakhumzi (2020) “Decolonising Men and Masculinities research in South Africa”, South Africa Review of sociology 51(2): 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21528586.2020.1803763

Ministerio de Trabajo y Economía Social, “Centros de Estancia Temporal de Inmigrantes”, Gobierno de España. Disponible en: https://www.mites.gob.es/es/guia/texto/guia_15/contenidos/guia_15_37_3.htm

Moagi, Lefatshe Anna y Mtombeni, Butholezwe (2021) “Women in Pre-colonial Africa: Southern Africa", en Yacob-Haliso, O. y Falola, T. (eds.) The Palgrave Handbook of African Women's Studies.Cham: Palgrave Macmillan DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28099-4_125

Musariri, Linda y Moyer, Eileen (2021) “A black man is a cornered man: migration, precaruty and masculinities in Johannesburg”, Gender, Place and Culture. A Journal of Feminist Geography 28(6): 888-905. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2020.1855122

Mudimbe, V. Y. (1988) The invention of Africa. Gnosis, Philosophy, and the Order of Knowledge. Boomington e Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.

Neuman, Kathleen y Hermans, Frans (2015) “What Drives Human Migration in Sahelian Countries? A Meta-analysis”, Population, Space and Place 23(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.1962

OIM (2019) World Migraton Report 2020. Disponible en: https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/wmr_2020.pdf

OIM (2020) Informe sobre las migraciones en el mundo 2020. Ginebra, Organización Internacional para las Migraciones

OIM (2022) Informe sobre las migraciones en el mundo 2022. Ginebra. Organización Internacional para las Migraciones.

Osland, Kari M. y Erstad, Henriette U. (2020) “The Fragility Dilemma and Divergent Security Complexes in the Sahel”, The International Spectator 55(4): 18-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2020.1833474

Pande, Amrita (2017) “Migrant Bangladeshi Men in South Africa”, Gender and Society 31(3): 383-406. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243217702825

Parpart, Jane (1986) “Women and the State in Africa", Working Paper 117, Dalhousie University.

Porto Gonçalves, Carlos Walter (2002) “Da geografia às geo-grafias: um mundo em busca de novas territorialidades”, en: Ceceña, A. y Sader, E. (comps.) Guerra Infinita: Hegemonía y terror mundial. Buenos Aires: CLACSO, pp. 217-246.

Raineri, Luca (2021) “The Bioeconomy of Sahel Borders: Informal Practices of Revenue and Data Extraction”, Geopolitics 27 (5): 1-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2020.1868439 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2020.1868439

Ranger, Terence (2002) “La invención de la tradición en el África colonial”, en: Hobsbaw, Eric y Ranger, Terence (eds.) Barcelona: Crítica, pp. 219-272

Rodriguez, Anne-Line (2019) “European attempts to govern African youths by raising awareness of the risk of migration: ethnography of an encounter”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 45(5): 735-751. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1415136

Romankiewics, Clemans y Doevespeck, Martin (2015) “Climate and Mobility in the West African Sahel: Conceptualising the Local Dimension of the Environment and Migration Nexus”, en: Greschke, H. y Tischler, J. (eds.) Grounding Climate Change. Contributions from the Social and Cultural Sciences. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 79-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9322-3_5

Shaffer, Marnie; Ferrato, Giulia y Jinnah, Zaheera (2018) “Routes, locations, and social imaginary: a comparative study of the on-going production of geographies in Somali forced migration”, African Geographical Review 37(2): 159-171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2017.1354308

Topak, Özgün E. (2021) “Border Violence and Migrant Subjectivities”, Geopolitics 26(3): 791-781. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2019.1626828

UN (2017) International Migration Report 2017. Nueva York, Naciones Unidas. Disponible en: https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/publications/migrationreport/docs/MigrationReport2017_Highlights.pdf

Valencia, Sayek (2014) Teoría transfeminista para el análisis de la violencia machista y la reconstrucción no-violenta del tejido social en el México contemporáneo. Tijuana: Colegio de la Frontera.

Whitehouse, Bruce (2013) “Overcoming the economistic fallacy social determinants of voluntary migration from the Sahel to the Congo Basin”, en: Kane, A. y Leedy, T. (eds.) African Migrations: Patterns and Perspectives. Indiana: Indiana University Press, pp. 19-34.