Isotopes and ideograms:: Bio-archaeological and theoretical approaches to pastoralism in light of the Mari (and other) texts

Anne Porter

doi:10.35305/cl.vi18.73

Autores/as

Anne Porter University of Toronto

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35305/cl.vi18.73

Palabras clave:

pastoralismo móvil, pastoralismo independiente, archivos de Mari, sacrificios animales, Ebla

Resumen

La cuestión fundamental que oscurece nuestra comprensión del lugar de la cría de animales en las sociedades y economías del antiguo Cercano Oriente sigue siendo de finitoria. La combinación del término "pastoralismo móvil" con el pastoralismo político y socialmente independiente ha llegado a un punto en el que se afi rma que el pastoralismo móvil nunca existió. Las ovejas y cabras recuperadas de los asentamientos que muestran evidencia de forraje o pastoreo sobre los cultivos se toman como pruebas de la ausencia de movilidad, pero esto no considera si estos animales se usaban por su carne y leche, para sacrifi cio o por su lana. Tampoco se distingue entre los animales criados para uso diario por hogares individuales y animales de propiedad institucional. Se argumenta que la evidencia textual de Mari, que describe el pastoralismo móvil, es anómala. Pero, de hecho, el pastoralismo de Mari tampoco es pastoralismo independiente: se trata de un pastoralismo móvil y de larga distancia, así como variable según el grupo pastoral particular en discusión. Este artículo argumenta que una amplia gama de material textual, del cual el archivo Mari es solo una fuente, muestra que coexistieron múltiples tipos de pastoreo en el antiguo Cercano Oriente, incluidos múltiples tipos de pastoralismo móvil o a distancia, a diferencia del pastoralismo independiente.

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