De cazadores-recolectores a agricultores y criadores de animales
movilidad, sedentarismo, y el papel de la organización del trabajo en la transición del Paleolítico al Neolítico en el Levante meridional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35305/cl.vi24.177Palabras clave:
Cazadores-recolectores, Agricultores, Paleolitico, Epipaleolítico, Neolítico, Levante MeridionalResumen
Este articulo propone debatir el proceso y el paso de las sociedades de cazadores recolectores en el periodo Epipaleolítico al sedentarismo agro-pastoril del periodo Neolítico en la zona del Levante meridional. Este proceso va acompañado también por una mayor especialización artesanal en varias ramas de la producción y en una iconografía que implica cambios en las formas de pensamiento.
La forma supuesta antagónica de “nómades-sedentarios” como formas de vida no son muy claros al principio de este proceso que comienza con la llamada cultura Natufiense del Periodo Epipaleolítico en su última fase, alrededor del 13.000 a.P. Los temas que incluiremos tendrán que ver con un proceso de larga duración y menos con hechos puntuales por la propia naturaleza de las “fuentes”.
El marco teórico que utilizaremos es el del materialismo histórico en el cual analizaremos el tema de la movilidad, la utilización del espacio y la naturaleza por parte de las sociedades prehistóricas en la zona y los modos de producción relevantes en el paso del periodo Paleolítico al Neolítico. Los restos de la cultura material serán interpretados también a la luz de los aspectos sociológicos de esas sociedades, sobre todo en lo que, respecto a su aspecto antropológico en el sentido del comportamiento humano a la luz de los cambios socio-económicos.
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